Comparable long-time recovery was noted in treated rats which had definitive tail paralysis: (iii) the therapy was continuously given per orally in drinking water, beginning at day 4 after injury and lasting one month after injury. Taking day 4 post-injury as the definitive injury, (ii) we focused on the immediate effects after the BPC 157 intragastric application over 20 min of the post-therapy period. Specifically, in counteracting spinal cord hematoma and swelling, (i) in rats that had undergone acute spinal cord injury, followed by intraperitoneal BPC 157 application at 10 min, we focused on the first 10-30 min post-injury period (assessment of gross, microscopic, and gene expression changes). Besides the demonstrated rapid and sustained recovery (1 year), we showed the particular points of the immediate effect of the BPC 157 therapy that began rapidly after its administration, (i) soon after injury (10 min), or (ii) later (4 days), in the rats with a definitive spinal cord injury. Recently, marked therapeutic effects pertaining to the recovery of injured rat spinal cords (1 min compression injury of the sacrocaudal spinal cord (S2-Co1) resulting in tail paralysis) appeared after a single intraperitoneal administration of the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 at 10 min post-injury.
The images are processed with software purchased with a USB microscope camera "Veho Discovery VMS-004 Deluxe". Normal eye background, normal presentation of the choroidal blood vessels. BPC 157 therapy at 20 min (G) or at 48 h after retrobulbar L-NAME (g).G, g. Strong generalized irregularity diameter blood vessels with severe atrophy of the optic disc, extremely poor presentation of the choroidal blood vessels (saline). Presentation of retina at 4 weeks after retrobulbar administered L-NAME (G, G, g). BPC 157 therapy at 20 minutes (F) or at 48 h after retrobulbar L-NAME (f).F, f. Presentation of the retina at 2 weeks after retrobulbar administered L-NAME (F, F, f). BPC 157 therapy at 20 minutes (E) or at 48 h after retrobulbar L-NAME (e). Presentation of the retina at 1 week after retrobulbar administered L-NAME (E, E, e). Presentation of the retina at 1 day after retrobulbar BPC 157 application.
Presentation of the retina at 20 min after retrobulbar BPC 157 application. Discrete generalized irregularity diameter blood vessels with mild atrophy of the optic disc, normal presentation of the choroidal blood vessels. Presentation of the retina immediately after retrobulbar BPC 157 application. BPC 157 therapy at 48 hours after retrobulbar L-NAME. BPC 157 therapy at 20 min after retrobulbar L-NAME. Strong generalized irregularity diameter blood vessels with severe atrophy of the optic disc, extremely poor presentation of the choroidal blood vessels. The retina presentation of the rats like in the rats that received L-NAME only (data not specifically shown). Saline application (at 20 min, or at 48 h after L-NAME). Presentation of the retina at 2 days after retrobulbar administered L-NAME (D, D, a, and b). therapy at 20 min (all capitals, D, E, F, and G (saline) or D, E, F, and G (BPC 157)) or at 48 h after L-NAME (small letters, a, b, c, d, e, and f (BPC 157)). | Presentation of the retina after retrobulbar L-NAME application (without therapy (regular font) and with BPC 157 therapy (italic font)) from day 2 (D, D, a, and b) until the end of the experiment (day 3, c week 1 (E, E, and e) week 2 (F, F, and f) week 4 (G, G, and g)).